Rivers of magma once flowed beneath Mars surface, study finds

Magma rivers under Mars

Rivers of magma once bubbled beneath the crust of Mars, according to new research. The findings suggest the Red Planet had a far more dynamic and volcanic past than previously thought.

Scientists have long known that Mars hosted volcanic eruptions. But the latest study points to extensive underground magma flows that carved networks beneath the surface. These rivers of molten rock may have shaped the planet's geology in ways not fully understood until now.

How the study was conducted

Researchers analysed data from multiple Mars missions, including orbital sensors and lander instruments. They focused on regions where surface features hinted at ancient volcanic activity.

By modelling how magma would travel under different conditions, the team reconstructed the likely pathways of these subterranean rivers. The models suggest the magma moved through cracks and fissures in the Martian crust, similar to how magma behaves in volcanic regions on Earth.

Implications for Mars' history

The discovery of these ancient magma rivers could change how scientists view Mars' evolution. Volcanic activity is linked to the release of gases, which could have contributed to the planet's atmosphere and even created environments suitable for microbial life.

If magma flowed extensively beneath the surface, it might have provided heat and chemical energy for subsurface ecosystems. This raises the possibility that life could have existed — or may still exist — in deep underground habitats on Mars.

What this means for future missions

The findings could guide future Mars exploration. NASA and other space agencies are planning missions to collect rock samples and search for signs of past life. Understanding where magma once flowed could help target the most promising sites.

Areas with evidence of ancient magma rivers might also contain minerals that preserve organic compounds. Such locations would be prime targets for drilling or sample return missions.

Officials have not yet confirmed any specific mission changes based on this research. But the study provides a new framework for interpreting Martian geology as exploration advances.

The research was conducted by an international team of scientists and published in a peer-reviewed journal. Further studies are expected to refine the models and test their predictions.

What comes next: Scientists will now look for direct evidence of these magma rivers in data from future landers and orbiters, which could confirm the models and open new questions about Mars' fiery interior.