Lung cancer in non-smokers: 5 preventive habits by Dr Manish Kumar Aggarwal

Lung cancer without smoking: A growing concern

It is a common misconception that only smokers get lung cancer. But pulmonologist Dr Manish Kumar Aggarwal warns that non-smokers are also at risk. In fact, a significant number of lung cancer cases occur in people who have never touched a cigarette.

Dr Aggarwal points to indoor air pollution, exposure to cooking fumes, and second-hand smoke as major culprits. These factors can damage lung tissue over time, leading to malignancies even in those with no smoking history.

Why non-smokers are vulnerable

Many households in India rely on biomass fuels like wood, dung, or crop residue for cooking. The smoke from these fuels contains harmful pollutants that can accumulate in the lungs. Studies have linked this exposure to a higher risk of lung cancer, especially among women who spend long hours in the kitchen.

Radon gas, asbestos, and occupational hazards such as diesel exhaust are other silent triggers. Dr Aggarwal emphasises that these risks are often overlooked because they do not get the same attention as smoking.

Five habits to protect your lungs

Dr Aggarwal suggests simple but effective habits that can significantly reduce lung cancer risk, even for non-smokers.

• Improve indoor ventilation: Use exhaust fans or open windows while cooking to reduce exposure to fumes.
• Wear masks in high-pollution areas: A good-quality mask can filter out particulate matter and harmful chemicals.
• Test your home for radon: Especially in regions where radon is prevalent, testing can help prevent long-term exposure.
• Adopt a lung-friendly diet: Fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants may help repair cellular damage.
• Regular health check-ups: Early detection through low-dose CT scans can catch abnormalities before they turn serious.

The role of early detection

Lung cancer in non-smokers is often diagnosed at a later stage because symptoms are mistaken for common respiratory issues. Persistent cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath should not be ignored, says Dr Aggarwal.

Countries like Taiwan and the UK have started targeted screening programmes for high-risk groups, including non-smokers with family history or occupational exposure. India needs similar initiatives to improve survival rates.

Experts also note that lung cancer in non-smokers is not a single disease. Genetic mutations and hormonal factors may play a role, which is why the condition is sometimes called a "women's health crisis" in certain studies.

What lies ahead

Public awareness campaigns and policy changes are essential to address this hidden health threat. As research evolves, targeted therapies for non-smokers are becoming more precise, offering hope for better outcomes.

In the coming months, health experts and advocacy groups are expected to push for broader screening guidelines and stricter indoor air quality standards. For now, adopting these preventive habits could be your first line of defence.